amygdala is a portion of the brain that plays a role in anger and aggression
association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that appear to link the activities of the motor and sensory regions of the cortex and to provide a place in which many high-level cognitive processes may occur
axon is the part of the neuron through which intraneuronal conduction occurs (via the action potential) and at the terminus of which are located the terminal buttons that release neurotransmitters
axon is the portion of a neuron that carries information from one region of the brain to another. 
blood-brain barrier is physiological network of tiny blood vessels, which restricts the flow of substances that may enter or leave the brain through the bloodstream
brain is the organ responsible for cognition, as well as emotion and motivation
brain stem is the portion of the brain that comprises the thalamus and hypothalamus, the midbrain, and the hindbrain, and that connects the rest of the brain to the spinal cord
central nervous system (CNS) is one of the two main divisions of the nervous system consisting of the brain and the spinal cord
cerebral cortex is the highly convoluted layer of tissue that surrounds the interior of the brain and that permits human reasoning, abstract thinking, memory, forethought and planning, and holistic and analytic processes of perception
cerebral hemispheres are the right and left globeshaped halves of the brain, which are connected by the corpus callosum
contralateral is toward the opposite side controlled processes are cognitive operations that require conscious control and effort, that are performed one step at a time, and that take longer to execute than mental operations governed by automatic processes
corpus callosum is a broad band of fibers that enables communication between the left and right hemispheres. 
corpus callosum is the dense network of tissue connecting the left and right hemispheres of the brain
dendrite is the branching portion of a neuron that receives synapses from the axons of other neurons. 
dendrites are branchlike structures of each neuron, which extend into synapses with other neurons, and which receive neurochemical messages sent by other neurons into the synapses
electroencephalogram (EEG) is a recording of the electrical activity of the living brain, as detected by various electrodes
forebrain is one of three major regions of the brain, containing the cerebral cortex and many other structures necessary both for high-level cognitive functions (e.g., the thalamus, the hypothalamus, and the limbic system, which includes the hippocampus) and for intentional movement (e.g., the basal ganglia)
frontal lobe is the region at the front of the cerebral cortex that includes the motor cortex and the prefrontal cortex. 
frontal lobe is the region of the cerebral cortex largely responsible for many aspects of higher thought and motor processing and planning
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is  an imaging technique, not requiring the use of radioactive isotopes, for viewing functions of the human brain revealed by increased consumption of oxygenated blood in active parts of the brain
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is the measurement of metabolic activity by measuring the magnetic field produced by the iron in oxygenated blood.
hindbrain is the most primitive of the three major regions of the brain, containing structures vital to low-level functioning of the organism, including part of the reticular activating system (the medulla oblongata), the pons, and the cerebellum
hippocampus is a structure within the limbic system in the forebrain, implicated in many aspects of learning function
hippocampus is the subcortical area that plays a critical role in the formation of permanent memories. 
hypothalamus is a structure of the forebrain, involved in controlling many bodily functions (e.g., hormonal regulation)
ipsilateral is toward the same side isomorphic is characterized as having the same form or the same formal structure
limbic system is structure in the forebrain, which is involved in emotion, motivation, and learning
lobes are four major regions of the cerebral cortex (see frontal lobe, occipital lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe)
localization of function is identification of particular structures or regions of the brain, which appear to be partially or wholly involved in particular cognitive processes and other activities of the brain
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is sophisticated technique for revealing high-resolution images of the structure of the living brain by computing and analyzing magnetic changes in the energy of the orbits of nuclear particles in the molecules of the body
midbrain is the middle of the three regions of the brain, involved in eye movements and coordination; contains a portion of the brain stem
myelin is a fatty substance coating the axons of some neurons, facilitating the speed and accuracy of neural communication
nervous system is the organized network of cells (neurons) through which an individual receives information from the environment, processes that information, and then interacts with the environment
neuron is individual neural cell
neuron is the cell in the nervous system responsible for information processing. Neurons accumulate and transmit electrical activity. 
neurotransmitter is a chemical that crosses the synapse from the axon of one neuron to alter the electric potential of the membrane of another neuron. 
neurotransmitter is chemical messenger used for intemeuronal communication
nodes of Ranvier is gaps in the myelin coating of myelinated axons
occipital lobe is region of the cerebral cortex chiefly involved in visual processing
occipital lobe is the region at the back of the cerebral cortex that is mainly devoted to vision. 
optic chiasma is structure in which roughly half of the information from each eye crosses over, to reach cortical areas in each contralateral cerebral hemisphere
parietal lobe is region of the cerebral cortex chiefly involved in somatosensory processing
parietal lobe is the region at the top of the cerebral cortex that is involved in attention and higher-level sensory functions. 
peripheral nervous system (PNS) is one of the two main divisions of the nervous system, comprising all nerves except those of the brain and the spinal cord
positron emission tomography (PET) is measurement of metabolic activity on different regions of the brain using a radioactive tracer.
positron emission tomography (PET) is method for imaging the functioning of portions of the brain, requiring use of radioactive isotopes, based on increased consumption of glucose by activated portions
primary motor cortex is region of the cerebral cortex that is chiefly responsible for directing the movements of all muscles
primary somatosensory cortex is region of the cerebral cortex that is chiefly responsible for receiving sensations from the skin, including sensations from the tongue and other parts of the face
soma is the cell body of a neuron, which is the part of the neuron essential to the life and reproduction of the cell
split-brain is the result of a process that severs the corpus callosum connecting the two cerebral hemispheres of the brain
split-brain patients are patients who have had an operation that surgically severed the corpus callosum that connects left and right hemispheres. 
synapse is a small gap between neurons, which serves as a point of contact between the terminal buttons of one or more neurons and the dendrites of one or more other neurons
synapse is the location where the axon of one neuron almost makes contact with another neuron. 
temporal lobe is region of the cerebral cortex chiefly involved in auditory processing
temporal lobe is the region at the side of the cerebral cortex that contains the primary auditory areas and that is involved in the recognition of objects. 
terminal buttons are knobs at the end of each branch of an axon; each button may release a chemical neurotransmitter as a result of an action potential
thalamus is a structure of the forebrain, which serves as a vital relay station for sensory input into the cerebral cortex