availability heuristic is a cognitive shortcut in which an individual makes judgments on the basis of how easily he or she is able to call to mind what are perceived as relevant instances of a given phenomenon
availability is the existing storage of given information in long-term memory, without which retrieving the information would be impossible, and with which retrieving the information is possible if appropriate retrieval strategies can be implemented
bounded rationality is the recognition that although humans are rational, there are limits to the degree to which humans demonstrate rational cognitive processes across situations
categorical syllogism is a deductive argument in which the relationship among the three terms in the two premises involves categorical membership
categorical syllogism is a syllogism involving statements with logical quantifiers where one premise relates a to B, another relates B to C, and the conclusion relates a to C. 
causal inference is a conclusion regarding whether something (such as an event) causes something else
conditional reasoning is a process of deductive reasoning, by which a reasoner attempts to draw a conclusion based on a conditional (if is then) proposition and an assertion of an existing condition
deductive reasoning is a process by which an individual tries to draw a logically certain and specific conclusion from a set of general propositions
deductive reasoning is reasoning in situations where the conclusions can be determined to follow with certainty from the premises. 
deductive validity is a determination as to whether a given conclusion follows logically from the propositions on which it is based
elimination by aspects is a decision-making strategy in which an individual gradually narrows an overabundance of options by focusing first on one key attribute of each option, forming a minimum criterion for that attribute, and then eliminating all options that do not meet that criterion; the process is repeated until either a single option remains or few enough remain so that a more careful selection process may be used
fallacy is a logical argument in which the conclusion is not deductively valid, based on the given propositions
hindsight bias is a bias in decision making, in which an individual becomes aware of a given outcome of a decision and then perceives, retrospectively, all the signs and events leading up to the known outcome, believing these forewarnings to be obvious at the present time, although they were not obvious at the earlier time
illusory correlation is a bias in which an individual tends to see events or other items as going together because the person is predisposed to do so imagery is mental representation of objects, events, settings, and other things that are not immediately perceptible to sensory receptors
inductive reasoning is a process by which an individual tries to reach a probable general conclusion, based on a set of specific facts or observations
inductive reasoning is reasoning in situations in which the conclusions follow only probabilistically from the premises. 
judgment and decision making is cognitive processes by which an individual may evaluate various options and select the most suitable option from among various alternatives
linear syllogism is a deductive argument in which the relationship among the three terms in the two premises involves a quantitative or qualitative comparison along a linear continuum (see syllogism; see also deductive reasoning)
mental model is an internal representation of information, which somehow corresponds with whatever is being represented; may involve the use of both analogical and symbolic or propositional forms of knowledge representation
mental model theory is Johnson-Laird's theory that subjects judge a syllogism by imagining a world that satisfies the premises and seeing if the conclusion is satisfied in that world. 
overconfidence is a bias affecting decision making, in which individuals overestimate the probability that their own responses are accurate or even more broadly overvalue their own skills, knowledge, or judgment
pragmatic reasoning schema is a mental framework comprising various general organizing principles (rules) related to particular kinds of goals
premise is either of two statements by which a syllogistic argument is made
proposition is in regard to deductive reasoning, an assertion of belief that may be either true or false; in regard to knowledge representation, an underlying meaning representing a concept or a relationship among concepts
proposition is the smallest unit of knowledge that can stand as a separate assertion. 
reasoning is cognitive process by which an individual may infer a conclusion from an assortment of evidence or from statements of principles
representativeness is a decision-making heuristic in which an individual judges the probability of an uncertain event by the degree to which that event is similar in its essential properties to the population from which it derives, and by the degree to which the event reflects the salient features of the processes by which it is generated
satisficing is a decision-making strategy in which an individual chooses the first acceptable alternative that becomes available, without considering all possible alternative options
subjective probability is an individual's personal guesses regarding the likelihood that particular outcomes will occur
subjective utility is an individual's personal assessment of the degree to which a particular outcome provides pleasure or pain
subjective utility is the value someone places on something. 
syllogism is a deductive argument comprising a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion that may be drawn from the two premises (sometimes, the conclusion is simply that no conclusion may be drawn from the existing premises)
syllogism is a logical argument consisting of two premises and a conclusion.