network is a web of labeled relations (e.g., category membership, attribution) between nodes node is element representing a concept within a semantic network; each node is linked in relationships with other nodes in the network parallel-processing model is conceptual model of memory in which the cognitive manipulation of multiple operations occurs simultaneously; as applied to short-term memory, the items stored in short-term memory would be retrieved all at once, not one at a time (see also parallel distributed processing) proceduralization is the process by which declarative knowledge is converted into procedural knowledge. production system is an ordered set of productions in which execution starts at the top of a list of productions, continues until a condition is satisfied, and then returns to the top of the list to start anew productions are condition-action rules that encode the situations in which it is appropriate to take a particular problem-solving operator. propositional network is a propositional representation in which the relation and arguments of the proposition are linked in a network. relation is the element that organizes the arguments of a propositional representation. script is structure for a schema involving a common understanding about the characteristic actors, objects, and sequence of actions in a stereotypical situation serial processing is means by which only one information process is executed at any one time, and multiple processes are handled sequentially slots are elements of a schema representation that indicate different aspects of a concept. spreading activation is the proposal that activation spreads from sources to other parts of the memory network, activating the memory traces that reside there. declarative knowledge is a recognition and understanding of factual information known about objects, ideas, and events in the environment ("knowing that," not "knowing how"; cf. procedural knowledge) procedural knowledge is information regarding how to execute a sequence of operations; understanding and awareness of how to perform particular tasks, skills, or procedures ("knowing how," not "knowing that") episodic memory is encoding, storage, and retrieval of events or episodes that the rememberer experienced personally at a particular time and place semantic memory is encoding, storage, and retrieval of facts (e.g., declarative knowledge about the world) that do not describe the unique experiences of the individual recalling the facts; sometimes distinguished from retrieval of information that has a particular temporal context in which the individual acquired the facts